Molecules smaller than 12 kD may not elicit an immune response.  In order to generate an immune response and high quality polyclonal antibodies to small molecules, also known as haptens, conjugation to larger carrier proteins should be performed.  Capralogics can conjugate your synthesized peptide hapten to a carrier protein to make the immunogen for a custom polyclonal antibody package.  For carrier proteins we often use the large protein KLH (Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin) to conjugate synthetic peptides. KLH compared to carrier proteins such as BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) is useful since there is no reactivity with ELISA or Western Blots blocking reagents.

Capralogics uses various chemistries for immunogen preparation such as coupling through sulfhydryl groups and the carbodiimide reaction.   Maleimide chemistry can be used to couple a free sulfhydral group of a cysteine residue of your peptide to the carrier protein.  Multiple cysteines in a peptide will most likely form disulfide bonds which must be reduced before conjugation chemistry takes place.  For synthesized peptides with no cysteine residues, one cysteine residue can be added to N- or C-terminus of the peptide for linkage to the carrier protein.  The cysteine should be added on to the terminus of least importance.  For example, if your peptide represents the N-terminal sequence of a protein the cysteine should be added to the C-terminus.  For an internal sequence the cysteine can be added to either the N or C-terminus. Your input on the number and position of cysteines in your synthesized peptide will help us proceed a successful conjugation with the maleimide activated carrier protein.

For the carbodiimide reaction Capralogics uses EDC.  The peptide needs to have available amino groups such as the N-terminus and lysine side chains and/or carboxylic groups such as the C-terminus and aspartic and glutamic acid side chains for conjugation.  We will work with you to determine the best chemistry for a successful conjugation to a carrier protein to prepare immunogen.

Your hapten, which is generally a synthesized peptide, should be soluble in water to proceed with conjugation.  Please let us know your peptide is insoluble in water. After the conjugation chemistry is performed your immunogen will usually be aliquoted and frozen at –20 C until the date of immunization.

The cost of KLH conjugation per 2 mg peptide is $175 add $75 for each 2 mg increment:
Up to 2 mg: $175
Up to 4 mg: $250
Up to 6 mg: $325
Up to 8 mg: $400
If you have any questions regarding conjugations to prepare immunogens for polyclonal antibody production, please contact Capralogics

The majority of our research antibodies originated from collaborations using our high quality, reliable, and traceable polyclonal antibody services provided in goats, sheep, and rabbits. Many valuable antibodies have been produced at Capralogics as verified by a long history of peer reviewed scientific publications.

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